Hyperpigmentation definition: Hyperpigmentation refers to areas of the skin that become darker in color than the surrounding skin due to an excess production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. It can manifest as patches, spots, or uneven skin tone.

Causes: Hyperpigmentation can result from various factors, including exposure to the sun, hormonal changes (such as melasma or pregnancy-related darkening), acne scars, and skin inflammation.

Sun Damage definition: Sun damage, also known as photodamage, occurs when the skin is exposed to the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. It can cause a wide range of skin issues, including premature aging and an increased risk of skin cancer.

Causes: Sun damage is primarily caused by unprotected exposure to UV rays. Over time, it can lead to the development of wrinkles, fine lines, age spots, and a breakdown of collagen and elastin in the skin.

Aging Spots definition: Aging spots, also known as liver spots or age spots, are flat, brown, or dark spots that typically appear on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face, hands, shoulders, and arms. They are associated with the aging process and sun exposure.

Causes: Aging spots result from an accumulation of melanin in the skin cells, which is triggered by UV exposure and the natural aging process. They are more common in older individuals.